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NEW QUESTION 42
Encryption of the same plain text with the same key results in the same cipher text. Use of an IV that is XORed with the first block of plain text solves this problem.
- A. ECB
- B. CFB
- C. GOST
- D. RC4
Answer: A
Explanation:
ECB
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
The simplest of the encryption modes is the electronic codebook (ECB) mode (named after conventional physical codebooks). The message is divided into blocks, and each block is encrypted separately.
The disadvantage of this method is a lack of diffusion. Because ECB encrypts identical plaintext blocks into identical ciphertext blocks, it does not hide data patterns well. ECB is not recommended for use in cryptographic protocols.
ECB mode can also make protocols without integrity protection even more susceptible to replay attacks, since each block gets decrypted in exactly the same way.
Incorrect answers:
RC4 - stream symmetric cipher that was created by Ron Rivest of RSA. Used in SSL and WEP.
GOST - the GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89 (RFC 5830), is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 64 bits. The original standard, published in 1989, did not give the cipher any name, but the most recent revision of the standard, GOST R 34.12-2015, specifies that it may be referred to as Magma. The GOST hash function is based on this cipher. The new standard also specifies a new 128-bit block cipher called Kuznyechik.
CFB - the process wherein the ciphertext block is encrypted then the ciphertext produced is XOR'd back with the plaintext to produce the current ciphertext block.
NEW QUESTION 43
What is an IV?
- A. Random bits added to a hash
- B. The cipher used
- C. The key used for a cryptography algorith
- D. A fixed size random stream that is added to a block cipher to increase randomeness
Answer: D
Explanation:
A fixed size random stream that is added to a block cipher to increase randomeness
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Initialization_vector_(IV) An initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is a block of bits that is used by several modes to randomize the encryption and hence to produce distinct ciphertexts even if the same plaintext is encrypted multiple times, without the need for a slower re-keying process.
NEW QUESTION 44
A _______ product refers to an NSA-endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U. S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly, or component classified or certified by NSA for encrypting and decrypting classified and sensitive national security information when appropriately keyed
- A. Type 2
- B. Type 4
- C. Type 3
- D. Type 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Type 1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_cryptography#Type_1_Product
A Type 1 Product refers to an NSA endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U.S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly or component classified or certified by NSA for encrypting and decrypting classified and sensitive national security information when appropriately keyed.
Incorrect answers:
Type 2 - product refers to an NSA endorsed unclassified cryptographic equipment, assemblies or components for sensitive but unclassified U.S. government information.
Type 3 - unclassified cryptographic equipment, assembly, or component used, when appropriately keyed, for encrypting or decrypting unclassified sensitive U.S. Government or commercial information, and to protect systems requiring protection mechanisms consistent with standard commercial practices. A Type 3 Algorithm refers to NIST endorsed algorithms, registered and FIPS published, for sensitive but unclassified U.S. government and commercial information.
Type 4 - Algorithm refers to algorithms that are registered by the NIST but are not FIPS published. Unevaluated commercial cryptographic equipment, assemblies, or components that are neither NSA nor NIST certified for any Government usage.
NEW QUESTION 45
Protocol suite provides a method of setting up a secure channel for protected data exchange between two devices.
- A. IPSec
- B. TLS
- C. CLR
- D. OCSP
Answer: A
Explanation:
IPSec
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a secure network protocol suite that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data to provide secure encrypted communication between two computers over an Internet Protocol network. It is used in virtual private networks (VPNs).
Incorrect answers:
OCSP - Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is an Internet protocol used for obtaining the revocation status of an X.509 digital certificate.
CRL - is a list of digital certificates that have been revoked by the issuing certificate authority (CA) before their scheduled expiration date and should no longer be trusted.
TLS - Transport Layer Security, and its now-deprecated predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network. Several versions of the protocols find widespread use in applications such as web browsing, email, instant messaging, and voice over IP (VoIP). Websites can use TLS to secure all communications between their servers and web browsers.
NEW QUESTION 46
A type of frequency analysis used to attack polyalphabetic substitution ciphers. It's used to try to discover patterns and use that information to decrypt the cipher.
- A. Information Deduction
- B. Kasiski Method
- C. Birthday Attack
- D. Integral Cryptanalysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
Kasiski Method
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasiski_examination
In cryptanalysis, Kasiski examination (also referred to as Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenere cipher. It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, but seems to have been independently discovered by Charles Babbage as early as 1846.
Incorrect answers:
Integral Cryptanalysis - uses lots of sets of plaintext that are similar with slight modifications. These are encrypted and then the variations are analyzed to determine if there's anything that can be zeroed in on.
Information Deduction - the attacker gains some Shannon information about plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Birthday Attack - cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in the probability theory forces collisions within hashing functions.
NEW QUESTION 47
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